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Cartoline dal passato di Tertulliano Bonamoneta, Maria Antonietta Orlandi
Monastero Santa Scolastica
Fuori della cittadina di Subiaco, all’interno dei monti Simbruini, lungo il versante destro della Valle dell’Aniene, si trovano i Monasteri benedettini.
Il maggiore è il Protocenobio di Santa Scolastica , il più antico di tutti i monasteri benedettini del mondo, ed unico ad essere sopravvissuto nei secoli dei tredici fondati da Benedetto a Subiaco. Con i suoi chiostri, la sua chiesa e la sua importante biblioteca , resta a testimoniare le origini del cenobitismo occidentale. Nonostante le invasioni e le devastazioni che si sono abbattute sui monasteri abbiano distrutto e disperso gran parte del materiale in suo possesso, la biblioteca del monastero vanta una produzione libraria veramente singolare che la portò a possedere, alla fine del XV secolo, migliaia di manoscritti.
Nel 1465 il Protocenobio di Santa Scolastica fu teatro di un memorabile avvenimento nella storia della cultura: la stampa dei primi incunaboli italiani. Attualmente la biblioteca conta più di 130.000 volumi e può essere considerata una delle biblioteche più importanti dell’Italia centromeridionale.
La mensa monastica
I monaci hanno contribuito in modo significativo alla nascita del ‘nuovo mondo’, l’Europa. Essi sono stati coltivatori, allevatori, pescicoltori, giardinieri, vivaisti, banchieri, apicoltori, silvicoltori, costruttori, architetti, farmacisti. Non solo, grazie al loro stile di vita regolare, scandita dal suono della campana, che li richiamava all’opus Dei , essi poterono impiegare il loro tempo a perfezionare le tecniche di preparazione di quei pochi prodotti primari che avevano a disposizione. Per questo si deve a loro la maggior parte dei progressi nelle attività tecniche e alimentari.
Oltre a grappe, acquavite, liquori, infusi, i monaci possedevano grandi laboratori di farmacia ed erano in grado di fabbricare elisir particolarmente curativi.
Una delle grandi tecniche, portata dai monaci, è la stagionatura dei formaggi. Sono stati in grado di perfezionare e tramandare, da una generazione all’altra, tecniche di conservazione ed invecchiamento. Ecco perché dobbiamo proprio ai monaci un gran numero di ottimi formaggi: il maroilles , il port-de-salut , il saint-nectaire , il saint-paulin , il mont des cats , il livarot , il brie della regione parigina, lo chaliny della Piccardia, i formaggi della Franca Contea e della Borgogna, il parmigiano allo zafferano, il munster (da monasterium , monastero), e tanti altri ancora.
Monastero San Benedetto
Salendo l’erta del monte Taleo, a strapiombo sulla gola strettissima segnata dall’Aniene, si erge il Monastero di San Benedetto o Sacro Speco , dove il santo Patriarca trascorse tre anni di vita eremitica. Il monastero è composto da due chiese sovrapposte, da cappelle e grotte, interamente affrescate in epoche diverse.
Nel cuore del santuario si erge la statua marmorea di San Benedetto adolescente, scolpita da Antonio Raggi, discepolo del Bernini (1657). Il Sacro Speco è uno scrigno di arte delle scuole pittoriche più celebri del Medioevo. Le pareti sono ricoperte di pregevoli affreschi, di cui i più conosciuti sono i ritratti di Innocenzo III e di S. Francesco d’Assisi.
La bellezza del santuario, che rimase spelonca fino al secolo XI, deriva dalla pittorica associazione irregolare di pareti murarie che si immedesimano con quelle rocciose, in un connubio tra architettura e natura, che gli fece meritare per questo la definizione di limen paradisi da parte del grande Petrarca.
La mensa monastica
Arte, cultura e tradizione sono realtà che ogni persona (visitatore) è certa di incontrare nei nostri monasteri. Forse un po’ meno scontato è il tema della mensa e di tutto ciò che ruota attorno ad essa. Sapevate che san Benedetto nella sua Regola dedica ben cinque capitoli (RB , 35; 39; 40; 41; 43) all’argomento mensa, cibo e servizio in cucina?
Non ci meravigli, dunque, il fatto che proprio nelle abbazie e nei conventi viene curata in modo particolare la gastronomia e vengono poste le basi dell’arte culinaria. Raymond Dumay nella sua opera De la Gastronomie francaise evidenzia come la mappe indicanti locali a due e tre stelle di oggi corrisponda, quasi sempre, alle proposte culinarie medievali. La grande cucina è prima di tutto tradizione. La maggior parte dei progressi compiuti all’inizio del Medioevo in merito all’economia e alle tecniche alimentari si devono alle istituzioni religiose e in particolare ai monaci.
Un esempio? La scoperta dello champagne è da attribuire ad un monaco benedettino dell’Abbazia di Hautevillers, il suo nome è dom Pérignon (1638-1715), con un procedimento di ‘doppia fermentazione’ permise al vino di produrre bollicine.
Il proverbio
Quandu vè la Cannelora da gliu verno simo fora.
Quando viene la Candelora dall’inverno siamo fuori.
Navigazione articoli Articoli simili È situato a 850 metri di altitudine, sui monti Affilani, alle falde del monte Pianezze (1.332 m).
Da sempre si è trovato in una posizione di confine: nell’Antichità con gli Equi e gli Etnici, poi, dopo molti secoli, tra lo Stato pontificio e la Campania marittima, attualmente tra la provincia di Roma e la Ciociaria. Il paese si chiamò Ponza d’Arcinazzo fino al 1892, forse perché originario da una famiglia Pontia che qui aveva vasti possedimenti.
La fantastica maestosità del Giardino di Villa d’Este, con i suoi “teatri delle acque”, con le fontane “musicali”, come la Fontana della Civetta che, grazie a ingegnosi meccanismi, produce il cinguettio degli uccelli, interrotto all’apparire di una civetta, o la Fontana dell’Organo, che emette il suono musicale dello strumento, per non parlare delle fontane dotate di scherzi d’acqua, che sorprendono gli spettatori con improvvisi getti, stupisce il visitatore trasportandolo nell’epoca in cui fu concepita, da Pirro Ligorio per il Cardinale Ippolito II d’Este, tale straordinaria scenografia.
La segnalazione di un ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction) è un atto medico al pari della prescrizione farmacologica. Il vantaggio di un trattamento infatti è strettamente correlato alla definizione del suo profilo beneficio / rischio. Mentre l’efficacia di un farmaco è dimostrata nei trial svolti prima dell’immissione in commercio attraverso il raggiungimento degli end point dello studio, il profilo di rischio rimane incerto poiché sperimentato solo per un breve periodo e su pazienti selezionati.
Ora più che mai bisogna guardare con attenzione tale realtà e sforzarsi di ‘leggerla’ ed ‘interpretarla’ per capirne i significati, i contenuti e le finalità. Non più tifosi di calcio ma, ogni mattina al risveglio, il desiderio di effettuare attività motoria è assillante. Il cuore, i polmoni, le articolazioni ed i muscoli, sono obiettivo vitale da rafforzare, rinvigorire e tonificare. Quasi a voler dimostrare a sé stessi che l’essere vivi si identificasse con l’attività fisico-motoria.
La lettura ha conosciuto, nel corso dei secoli, una sua evoluzione, in quanto essa non si è configurata sempre allo stesso modo. Il termine latino legere, prima ancora di leggere, stava a significare ‘raccogliere’, ‘fare un fascio’ che non è null’altro che l’attività che fanno i nostri occhi quando mettono insieme le lettere dell’alfabeto e le legano in sillabe. Fin dal III secolo d.C. ‘leggere un libro’ aveva il significato di ‘leggere un rotolo’, ossia utilizzare un rotolo di papiro su cui scrivere; tradizione questa diffusa prima in Grecia e nota successivamente anche nel mondo romano.
In una delle rarissime interviste rilasciate al settimanale L’Espresso, alla domanda se avesse paura di invecchiare e morire rispose fermamente di no, ricordando la frase del suo connazionale Seneca prossimo al trapasso – «La morte mi sta suggerendo che io posso approfittare di lei anche quando ho cinque anni. Se la terrò presente vivrò la mia vita pienamente, se accetterò i dati truccati di una cultura che la vuole nascondere, morirò senza avere mai vissuto veramente».
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